Anna Freud was born on December 3, 1895, in Vienna, Austria. She was the youngest of Sigmund Freud’s six youngsters and was particularly near her father. Regardless of her father being famend because the founding father of the sphere of psychoanalysis, Freud’s contributions to the sphere of psychological well being stand on their very own, fairly than within the shadow of her father. She is taken into account the founder of kid psychoanalysis. It is usually a lot to her credit score that her father, Sigmund Freud’s, protection mechanisms (corresponding to repression, denial, and suppression) have turn out to be a part of our on a regular basis language, as it’s his daughter Anna Freud who offered a transparent description of those in her influential 1936 e book, The Ego and the Mechanisms of the Protection.
It’s mentioned that Freud felt she realized little in school and did most of her studying from her father’s mates and associates. Certainly, her formal training didn’t transcend highschool. Freud labored as an elementary faculty trainer after highschool and labored translating her father’s writings. The mixture of those elevated her personal curiosity in baby psychology and psychoanalysis, and she or he started a youngsters’s psychoanalysis follow in 1923. In 1927, she printed, “Introduction to the Strategy of Little one Psychoanalysis,” which was a major growth within the therapeutic therapy of youngsters. Freud acknowledged that youngsters’s psychological well being signs differed from these of adults, and she or he identified, importantly, that they typically had been associated to numerous phases of growth. She additionally acknowledged every baby as a person with their very own wants and believed that therapeutic alliances wanted to be established in response to every baby. In adapting psychoanalysis for youngsters, Anna Freud acknowledged that mendacity on a sofa was not conducive to youngsters staying targeted throughout remedy. As a substitute, she inspired them to take a seat on the ground and play or draw, which she felt helped them to be extra expressive, free, and truthful.
Freud’s dedication to youngsters and baby growth prolonged past the remedy room. She started volunteer work in 1919 on the Baumgarten Kids’s Dwelling which served Jewish youngsters who had been orphaned or made homeless due to World Warfare I. In 1937 she and a colleague based the Jackson Nursery, a nursery faculty for youngsters residing in poverty in Vienna. There, by means of investigative work, she found that youngsters who had been allowed to decide on their very own meals ate higher, gained wanted weight, and achieved dietary stability by themselves.
Her work in Vienna was minimize brief nonetheless by the Nazi invasion of Austria after which by Anna’s personal arrest and interrogation by the Nazis in 1938. In a position to persuade her interrogators that her work was “innocuous,” Freud, who was Jewish, was capable of get hold of a visa to go away Vienna along with her well-known father and head to London, the place Sigmund died just some weeks later. Freud continued along with her work with youngsters in London, establishing the Hampstead Warfare Nursery which offered foster take care of single guardian households. Throughout this time, she performed analysis into youngsters’s trauma, which demonstrated that youngsters who remained in London and endured Nazi bombings fared higher emotionally than those that had been despatched away from their households to presumably safer environment.
Publish World Warfare II, Freud established the Hampstead Little one Remedy Centre, which was granted charity standing. The Centre, devoted to baby evaluation and analysis, educated the primary era of kid psychotherapists to work within the fledgling Nationwide Well being Service in England. Renamed the Anna Freud Centre, the clinic exists at this time, not too long ago celebrating its seventieth yr as a charity. Freud additionally printed, “Normality and Pathology in Childhood,” in 1965, which considerably contributed to the institution of the sphere of developmental psychology. Freud continued her work at her clinic till she died in 1983. Her contributions proceed to affect the sphere of psychology and tremendously formed our understanding and method to the therapy of youngsters.
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